Porters Five Forces Model of Mr. Empanada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Doormen Five Forces Model of Mr. Empanada - Essay Example The eatery s are limited in the way in which they procure their crude materials. They can't search for less expensive other options and this may influence the manner in which they rival different players in the market. The way that the franchisee can just utilize the items gave by the partners makes it difficult to separate their items so as to meet the various customers’ needs. They are consequently confined to the fragment of clients that they serve. The franchisee likewise have a joint ad with the offshoots. This has expanded the expense of creation for the eateries. Another power that may influence the organization is the work power. As of now, the organization is driven by relatives and this has limited force battles. Nonetheless, as the organization develops and there is have to grow the workforce, this will accompany difficulties from the laborers, for example, expanded wages. The organization will at that point need to manage issues of drafting reasonable compensation and compensation bundle for her laborers at the unique

Business Process and Technology Alignment †Free Samples to Students

Question: Examine about the Business Process and Technology Alignment. Answer: Presentation With the ramified monetary changes and complex business structure, every single association is maintaining its business viably to meet their targets and objectives. In this examination paper, Rio Tinto Company has been thought about. . It is an Australian-British organization otherwise called one of the universes biggest metals and mining enterprises. This organization is occupied with giving the mining related works the world over to expand its turnover. Nonetheless, due to the non-successful correspondence channel, it has confronted different basic issues in its marketable strategies and correspondence channel. Moreover, the board division of the organization has passed the proposition to embrace the digital registering ventures assets arranging in its business working. It will support representatives and the board division to speak with one another. It is assessed that merchants of the association faces a few issues in the gracefully chain the board program and strategic works. In this way, by embracing appropriate digital figuring undertakings assets arranging in its business working will unquestionably build the general results of the Rio Tinto business. With the ramified changes in business working of Rio Tinto, it should be proactive before actualizing new digital registering endeavors assets arranging in its worth chain exercises. What's more, merchants and other could likewise follow robotized digital figuring undertakings assets arranging in their correspondence channel to play out their alloted works. There are a few advantages which will be considered such to be foundation of mechanization in business, lessen the mind boggling business structure, set new business structure and rebuilding of business. This examination paper center what kinds of issues and issues will be looked by Rio Tinto while receiving new digital figuring endeavors assets arranging in its worth chain exercises. In any case, need to embrace this new digital processing endeavors assets arranging in business of Rio Tinto emerges because of its less successful interior control framework and expanded cost happened from recitative business working. In this manner , Rio Tinto by receiving legitimate digital registering undertakings assets arranging in its worth chain exercises in its business could without much of a stretch increment the general result of the business and set up robotization in its business working. Research questions What is the centrality of embracing the digital figuring endeavors assets arranging in business? How Rio Tinto could expand the business productivity by receiving digital figuring endeavors assets arranging in its worth chain exercises? What are the systems and business issues which would be looked by associations before introducing digital registering endeavors assets Hypothetical structures It is assessed that because of the unpredictable business structure and expanded needs of reception of the digital processing undertakings assets arranging in business, Rio Tinto should utilize this digital registering framework in its worth chain exercises. It will expand the general profitability and successful correspondence in the matter of Rio Tinto. It is assessed that customers in Australia and other current nations are progressively disposed towards the associations that have embraced the trend setting innovations in their business. Rio Tinto has solid brand picture and so as to keep its maintainable business, it ought to embrace recently received digital figuring ventures assets arranging in its worth chain exercises. This will set up mechanization in business and increment the general results of the association. The primary advantage will be identified with speaking with the sellers and executing strategic gracefully chain with pariahs. This beneath given graph will mirrors the real procedure framework which Rio Tinto will trail receiving the digital processing undertakings assets arranging in its business (Rizzo, van Erp, Troncy, 2014). It is assessed that effective usage of digital figuring endeavors assets arranging in its worth chain exercises require appraisal of the inner and outside variables of the business. It is viewed as that Rio Tinto has confronted high measure of misfortune in its business because of no time conveyance of its crude material in its business. Likewise, correspondence channel and open connection of the Rio Tinto is additionally not so powerful. It has expanded its business working expense and expanded the unpredictable arrangement of exercises. Rio Tinto by receiving this legitimate degree of digital registering undertakings assets arranging in its worth chain exercises could set up mechanization and moderate different manual works. It won't just spare the hour of the procedure working yet in addition decrease the expense of the creation of the business (Ram Corkindale, 2014). This new Cyber registering framework ventures assets arranging is comprised of the web program which will help organization to expand its correspondence compelling and increment the general results of the business. For example, undertakings assets arranging joined by the digital processing will help Rio Tinto to produce a robotization direct in its business. It will permit providers to distinguish the Economy request amount of the business at which it could permit business. It has been seen that on the off chance that Rio Tinto use digital framework, at that point it will spare the time and cost of the business. Another model is identified with merchants business working. Rio Tinto by embracing endeavors assets arranging joined by the digital registering could build up dashboard for its business. This dashboard instrument will permit providers to make their own username and login ID which will be utilized by providers to gracefully required mining crude material to Rio Tinto. Notwith standing, mining crude material requests will be put by the Rio Tinto naturally when organization arrives at the financial request amount. This undertakings assets arranging joined by the digital registering grandstands how organization could build up robotization in business and increment the business proficiency in decided methodology (Fink, 2013). It is assessed that Rio Tinto could make center competency in showcase by utilizing digital figuring endeavors assets arranging. It is assessed that the primary results of utilizing digital figuring undertakings assets arranging in business of Rio Tinto would be identified with making center competency in this mining industry. Rio Tinto could expand the general profitability and productivity of business by utilizing this digital figuring undertakings assets arranging in business. This will build up mechanization in the worth chain exercises and will result to spare in time and cost of the business. It is viewed as that the procedure mining framework which interfaces all the merchants and partner with the association will likewise be solid in the wake of receiving increment the business productivity by embracing digital figuring undertakings assets arranging (Erickson, 2005). This framework will help Rio Tinto to expand its profitability and effectiveness of the business. It will buil d the general profitability and effectiveness of the business. It is assessed that this digital processing framework will be introduced in esteem chain exercises of Rio Tinto and all the workers needs to adjust with the recently propelled arrangement of the business. This will requires preparing and advancement program of the business which will make representatives progressively employable. Organization needs to recruit more specialists representatives in the business before putting in new digital figuring framework in business. Methodologies and long haul designs in Rio Tinto will be taken by the administration division. So as to build the viability of digital processing arrangement of the Rio Tinto will be finished by going into key coalition with different associations. It is assessed that Rio Tinto has its business chain the world over and by embracing digital processing endeavors assets arranging it could set up appropriate degree of nexus between its all worth chains. It will help the board office to order the entirety of its units under one reconnaissance channel (Thomson Singh, (2011). This one framework will expand the profitability of all the division of the Rio Tinto and set up powerful degree of nexus among all the units. This digital figuring framework will make web mail chain which will build up nexus for the whole division to speak with one another. In any case, this digital figuring framework will be joined by high measure of cost of interest in the underlying time which is introductory expen se. There are a few components which will influence the choices to embrace the digital processing endeavors assets arranging in business, for example, existing contribution of adversaries, advancements received by association and proposed strategies of association. This data could be removed from the yearly report of organization. Consequently, it could be induced that Rio Tinto should utilize PESTLE examination, SWOT investigation and equalization score card approach before actualizing the successful key marketable strategies. These procedures and field-tested strategies will help business association to assess the key business elements of business to distinguish the key components of business. These key marketable strategies will most likely exhibit the most ideal way and moderate the issues related with selection of digital registering undertakings assets arranging in business. Accordingly, it is clear to comprehend that Rio Tinto could utilize this PESTLE investigation, SWOT exa mination and equalization score card approach for taking vital business choice. These key instruments help Rio Tinto to distinguish all the inside and outer elements of the business. This will help organization to get ready appropriate degree of vital plans in business. It is seen that introducing digital figuring ventures assets arranging is identified with key collusion with different associations. It is assessed that most o

The Pfizer Company Business Model

List of chapters Customer esteem Capabilities Sustainability Conclusion Works Cited Customer esteem The worth the organization connects to its clients added to its flourishing into spotlight of medication business in the year 1941. This was because of the large scale manufacturing of penicillin which spared numerous lives during the World War II. This was afterwards trailed by the production of Viagra. Promoting We will compose a custom article test on The Pfizer Company Business Model explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Before the firm evolved Viagra, it needed to make around 1,500 synthetic concoctions, tried their viability when contrasted with past medications lastly screened them to think of the best quality for the shoppers (Magretta 3-8). The firm likewise went similarly as looking into to discover which of the age bunches experienced most the erectile brokenness (Hedman). The Viagra innovation had the capacity to cause erections just during sexual incitemen t. This was in opposition to other infusion treatments gave by different organizations which on occasion prompted the patient to delayed erections, making the patient awkward. Henceforth, the development of Viagra was such a great amount of urging to the buyers who communicated their ability to proceed with the treatment as it fulfilled their desires. The firm had an expressed most extreme solution for every patient determined to have erectile brokenness, this guaranteed repayment of up to 6 tablets for every month for every patient 18 years or more. The arrangement guaranteed that purchasers were shielded from any type of abuse of the medications and risk (Mahadavan 4).The utilization of Viagra was dropped from the models since it got one of the way of life drugs. This helped dominant part to cut on Medicaid costs. The presentation of online deals made it workable for the organization to reach such a large number of clients inside the most limited time conceivable. This aided in ex panding the incomes of the firm; this incorporated the counsel and the transportation charge offered by the organization which was averagely $ 715 for one year flexibly (Magretta 3-8). Capacities The Pfizer firm recorded the most elevated profit development in the Pharmaceutical business, which was appraised at 25% somewhere in the range of 2000 and 2002. This development rate was credited to the solid medication pipeline and its strength in blockbuster drugs. The firm additionally had the least hazard when it went to the piece of the overall industry misfortune from the medications when contrasted with other pharmaceutical firms. This was because of the way that the greater part of its pharmaceutical deals were given to nonexclusive cannibalization before 2005. The firm’s ability to build its innovative work costs saw it adventure into new field of medication. This empowered the firm to create new pharmaceutical medications and furthermore open numerous operational offices e verywhere throughout the world (Army).Advertising Looking for exposition on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For the Pfizer firm to beat the contenders they left on ceaseless propelling of new items and forcefully obtaining the most ideal procedures. They purchased sedate producer organizations and furthermore wandered into the shopper items, purchased organizations that delivered clinic related items. The organization additionally stretched out a greeting hand to other related organizations which saw it converge with some famous organizations like Warner-Lambert. The organization wandered in the offer of the brand name from its working gatherings to the buyers. The brand name bunches included Animal Health Group and Consumer Health care. These brand names made the organization to be known as one which improved the wellbeing of people as well as of domesticated animals, thus turned out to be famous t o the customers (Porter 62-78). The presentation of the web empowers the firm to reach such huge numbers of organizations at some random time. It likewise improves the contriving of the systems since the advancement of different firms can undoubtedly be observed from the web. It has empowered worldwide extension of the organization (Stabell 413). Supportability For food purposes the firm contributed vigorously on the innovative work, half of the representatives of the organization taken to the area managing innovative work. The blend on the work power was likewise a contributing component, which includes the British and the Americans (Sandberg 3). The firm plans on leading progressively clinical preliminaries on Viagra when contrasted with its rivals. This made it to augment its market base since the vast majority of the patients returned with positive outcomes. The firm additionally conveyed a decent number of salesmen to that went direct to the specialists, who in the long run end orsed the medication to the patients (Army). The firm uses the Direct-to-Consumer Advertising which guarantees that patients are refreshed on new clinical medications, right medicines and furthermore permits them to talk about their wellbeing conditions with their doctors. The organization likewise centered around bringing issues to light on how significant men’s wellbeing was to them (Porter 62). They utilized the brand name that made such a significant number of distinguish themselves with the brand for example such huge numbers of became brand faithful to the organization. The firm went through such a lot of cash in ad on clinical diaries, gatherings and occasions that were for the most part gone to by the doctors. These limited time exercises guaranteed some expansion in income with the Direct-to-client contributing around 16% in the year 2000. The utilization of the web uncovered the organizations insider facts to the contenders thus considered undependable at all for ma nageability purposes (Porter 78).Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on The Pfizer Company Business Model explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion The plan of action shows obviously the degree of rivalry of the organization, it uncovers whether the organization is the most cost-productive organization in the business or not. The plan of action ought to be comprehended on the grounds that it gives striking data about the market and can be utilized by speculators and budgetary examiners. Works Cited Army, Barret. â€Å"The recipe at Pfizer. Don’t run with the crowd†. Business week may 11, 1998. Hedman, Thomas. â€Å"The Business Model: A Means to Understand the Business Context of Information and Communication Technology†. Organization of Economic Research Working Paper Series, School of Economics and Management, Lund University 2001. Magretta, Joan. â€Å"Why Business Models Matter,† Harvard Business Review, May 2002: 3 -8. Mahadevan. â€Å"Business Models for Internet-Based E-Commerce,† California Management Review, Vol. 42, summer 2000: 4 Porter, Michael. â€Å"Strategy and the Internet,† Harvard Business Review, March 2001: 62-78. Sandberg. Is it an opportunity to exchange your plan of action? Harvard Management Update, January, 2002: 3-5.Advertising Searching for exposition on business financial aspects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Stabell, Fjeldstad. â€Å"Configuring esteem for upper hand: On chains, shops and networks†. Key Management Journal, Vol. 19, 1998: 413â€437. Timmers, Paul. â€Å"Business Models for Electronic Markets,† Electronic Markets, ol. 8, No. 2, 1998: 3-8 This exposition on The Pfizer Company Business Model was composed and presented by client Maurice A. to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

Impact Of Financial Crisis On Bank In Bahrain Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

The main purpose of the study is to understand the problems faced by bank in Bahrain as a result of the financial crisis. After a lasting time of instability, the global economy finally started to stabilize in 2009 with the assistance of a considerable amount of intervention from the public which resulted in a mount in output and financial market bounce back amidst superior levels of confidence and certainty. All through 2009, world output decreased by 0.6% and was predicted to pick up during 2010 to 2.3% and developing economies by 6.3%. With inflation issues controlled and commodity prices rebounding from the previous low levels, the globe recovery was expected to continue in 2010, even though at varying speeds around regions. During 2009, inflation for highly developed economies recorded a minor 0.1% growth, in spite of slack monetary policy and near zero interest rates. Consumer prices in emerging and developing markets had an inflation of 5.2% during the same year (2009). Background of the study: The impacts of the financial crisis on the Bahraini economy were more visible in 2009. The GDP recorded negative growth. Moreover, real GDP growth decreased to half the rate attained in 2008. On the other hand, in real terms, GDP sustained to rise during 2009, even though at half the speed compared with 2008. Real GDP recorded a growth rate of 3.1% back in 2009, down all the way from 6.3% in 2008. Regardless of the slowdown in the financial sector, it remains one of the largest single contributors to GDP. By the end of the year 2009, the financial sector accounted for 25.1% of real GDP, down from 26.6% in 2008. As a result of the intervention procedures taken by the authorities to sustain growth, the overall fiscal balance of the GCC countries reduced rapidly during 2009 to achieve an estimated 5.3% of GDP. barrel in 2010.Statement of the problem: The motto of the study is to understand the impact of global financial crisis on Bahrain banks. This can be understood from the answer to three key questions: What impact did the bank face due to the crisis? How is it affected their investor base? What are the steps taken to ensure stability during such crisis? Definition of the problem: Global crisis began in the late 2008 owing to drastic rise in the defaulter numbers to housing loans in US. This shattered economies everywhere as investors in housing and real sector found their land values depreciating due to the depreciation of dollar. In order to clear debts, many companies were granted aid which finally resulted in banks requiring bailout from the crisis. On the contrary very few economies survived the crisis with proper hedging of funds via bonds, shares, debentures, etc. Hypothesis of the study: The study will help analyze the steps to be taken in order to withstand and ensure stability in times of crisis in Bahrain banks. Significance of the study: The study is essential in the face of global crisis which had doomed many companies and moreover banks too. Bank in Bahrain too did not miss to be a target of this crisis. By the end of 2009 fiscal, the bank had been exposed to various challenges of crisis like drying up of credit, drastic fall in its corporate earnings and moreover failure to lure investors out of their market owing to price volatility after the dollar depreciation. The bank however worked on its strategies for crisis like focusing on matching its liabilities to maturity profile of assets thereby protecting their balance sheets. The bank moreover started supporting the financing needs of the portfolio owing to banks pulling out from the system. Major factors that act as an immunity in times of crisis include proper governance, timely action to identify defaulters and effective tactics to identify genuine investors. The strategies used by banks in their core areas to fight crisis gives an idea as to how to tackle the crisis challenges. In 2009, the financial sector sustains to be the major contributor to Bahrains economy, accounting for 25.1% of real GDP. The total assets of retail banks stood at BD 22.5 billion as at 31 of December of the same year. Total outstanding credit facilities enlarged by retail banks to the diverse sectors of the domestic economy continued to be stable and amounted to BD 5,884.9m at end-2009, compared to BD 5,887.6 million at end-2008. Even without the financial crisis, the real estate and construction sector remained embarked on and persisted many projects with a total of 9,928 construction permits issued in the same year. Several real estate projects continued to grow in 2009 Diyar Al Muharraq, Amwaj Islands and Durrat Al Bahrain. The root for all these success in handling the crisis can be attributed to the carefully cultivated corporate culture that supports teams to work with quality, dedication, innovative thinking and coordinated decision-making. This has helped the bank to develop and maintain a conservative capital thereby helping mitigating risks. Scope and limitations: A major part of the study was based on the strategies to be undertaken in the wake of economic crisis. The strategies used by few banks are also applicable to other banks. Moreover effective co-ordination among investors and employees help ensure stability in operations. The study also focuses on strategies focused by banks on each of its diverse business areas with the advantage of giving diverse investment options to customers. Major limitation included considering only bank in Bahrain for the impact of global crisis on banks in Bahrain. Another limitation is the timing. The researcher has limited time to fulfill this research and deliver it to the course mentor to pass the requirement of the degree. Hence the researcher will try to get as much related data as possible. 2 Chapter Literature Reviews 1. Indirection: 1.1 History of banking and its growth: Kiyotaki and Moor (1997), and Bernanke, Gertler and Gilchrist (1999) introduce financial frictions into business cycle models. Thus, we had the models which help us understand the financial frictions on just non financial institutions. Later, Albuquerque and Hopenhaya (2004), Alvarez and Jermann (2000), Jerman and Quadrini (2011) and Miao and Wang ( 2011 a,b,c) introduced a model to introduce financial frictions into the banking sector in the form of endogenous borrowing constraints or Islamic banking and financing. According to John F. Dix (July, 2009), there is no debate that the current troubled economic conditions were in large part caused by taking unreasonable and undefined risks. The role of excessive risk and the consequences that behavior caused has likely resulted in management taking a new and perhaps leery view of undertaking opportunities that are at all risky. Following are some thoughts concerning approaches to risk taking that allows risks to be taken with the assurance that the consequences are not fatal to the company and that an atmosphere of reasonable risk taking is indeed encouraged among the managers of the company. When these two conditions are imbedded in the culture of the company then risk taking becomes a powerful tool for growth and leadership. Therefore in our model household put deposits in a bank and deposits become liabilities of the bank. Now if the bank chooses to default, then the depositors can seize a fraction of bank capital. Instead of liquidating seized bank capital, deposit repayments. The threat value to depositors is the stock market value of the bank with seized bank capital. 1.2 Background of the financial crisis: The existing financial crisis faced by the banks is proving a challenge to the macroeconomists. Actually the traditional macroeconomists believed in the perfect market situation and did not recognize the financial frictions as observed in the last decade. Therefore the traditional models are not so helpful in understanding the present day financial crisis which has resulted in the fall of great economies of the world, especially the European countries. The fall of the global banks like Lehman brothers, Franklin Templeton and Barclay, followed by the fall of economies of Greece, Portugal, Cyprus, Spain Slovenia, Italy, Ireland, Slovakia, Malta, Belgium and now France, Austria and Germany joining the show. 1.3 How the financial crisis affected the banks performance: As in Kocherlakota (2009), and Miao and Wang (2011a), we construct a third type of equilibrium in which households believe that banking bubbles may burst in the future with some probability. We show that even though there is no shock to the fundamentals of the economy, changes in confidence trigger a financial crisis. We show that immediately following the collapse of the banking bubble, deposit shrink, lending falls and credit spreads rise, causing real investment and output to fall. Following Gertler and Karadi (2011) and Gertler and Kiyotaki (2010), we model this inefficiency as a deadweight loss of output. We also follow their studies and assume that the size of direct lending responds to credit spreads according to a feedback rule. In our model, credit spreads rise sharply at the onset of a crisis. The central bank then injects credit in response to movements in credit spreads, according to the feedback rule. We show that this credit policy can mitigate economic downturns. The net effect on welfare trades between this benefit and efficiency costs. 1.4 Effects of the financial crisis on Bahrain: Bahrain is a small island-kingdom in the Middle East. Beside the oil and gas sector, the financial services sector is among the highest contributors to the countrys overall GDP. According to the Central Bank of Bahrains (CBB) annual report 2011, the sector contributed 25% to GDP of the country in 2010. Up to June 2011, the number of financial institutions in the country is 411 and the total financial sector workforce is 14,137. The banking system in the Kingdom of Bahrain is considered as being the largest component of the financial system. Bahrains banking sector has remained to be a cornerstone for growth of the domestic economy. The banking sector represents over 85% of total financial assets (El-Quqa et.al, 2007). Furthermore, the banking system compromises both Conventional and Islamic banks. The Conventional sector includes retails banks, specialized banks, wholesale banks and representative offices of overseas banks. On the other hand, the Islamic sector consists of retail banks and wholesale banks which offer as host of Sharia compliant products and services. The sole regulator for financial system in Bahrain is the CBB. Up to December 2010, there are 6 Islamic retail banks and 18 Islamic wholesale banks operating in the kingdom (Hidayat, 2010). The high numbers of Islamic banks shows high profile of the country as the leading Islamic financial center in the region. In 2011, Islamic banks accounted for around 12% of Bahrains banking sector (Winton, 2011) 1.5 Financial performance of Banks: Bank capital requirements ensure that banks are not participating or holding investments that increase the risk of default and that they have enough capital to sustain operating losses while still honoring deposit withdrawals. In our model, there is no uncertainty about fundaments and hence there is no issue of risk-taking behavior. However, it should be kept in mind that the bank is an Islamic bank, and in Islamic financing the real-estates are vital investment instruments which underlay an inherent Shin (2012) and Bruno and Shin (2012) focus on the role played by large European banks. These banks are not only systemically important. These studies allude to three factors that fueled a lending boom accompanied by greater risk taking. The factors are easy monetary policy that lowers funding costs for banks, adoption of a regulatory structure that allows higher leverage, and an asset price boom and real appreciation of the currency that strengthens the balance sheet position of borrowers. Evidence for this for funding is provided by Baba, McCauley, and Ramaswamy (2009), who find that by mid-2008, justbefore the collapse of Lehman Brothers, over 40 percent of the assets of U.S. prime money market funds were short-term obligations of foreign banks, with obligations of global European banks representing the largest share. Pornrojnangkool (2009), Hellman, Lindsey and Puri (2008), and Uchida, Udell and Yamori (2008)], and the borrowers choice of debt and lenders [e.g. Kwan and Carleton (2009)], there are relatively few studies on the effects of the lenders financial conditions on loan pricing. Berger and Udell (2004) used the same kind of data as in this paper to link portfolio performance to the tightening of bank credit standards and lending volumes, referring to their findings as the institutional memory hypothesis. Murfin (2009) studied the supply-side effects on loan covenants and found evidence that banks wrote tighter loan contracts than their peers after suffering defaults to their own portfolios, even when defaulting borrowers were in different industries and geographic regions than current borrowers. For modern crises, the practical problem is that understanding crises by outsiders relies on observed events such as firm failures or government actions, and government statistics. This problem is manifest in defining and dating crises. In the modern era the determination of whether an event is a crisis and when it starts and ends, is based on governments actions because these are readily observable. Boyd, De Nicol and Loukoianova (2011) study the four leading classifications and dating of modern crisis events.ÂÂ  They show that for many crises the dating of the start and end dates differ quite significantly.ÂÂ  There is also some disagreement on which events are crises. Further, they show that the start dates are late.ÂÂ  This is because the government actions follow the crisis which has already begun, often in the form of a quiet run (Gorton (2012). The dating of the start and the end of a crisis is largely based on contemporary accounts of the crisis, and there is ambiguity 2. Financial performance of Banks: 2.1 How they measured performance: Bank capital requirements ensure that banks are not participating or holding investments that increase the risk of default and that they have enough capital to sustain operating losses while still honoring deposit withdrawals. In our model, there is no uncertainty about fundaments and hence there is no issue of risk-taking behavior. However, it should be kept in mind that the bank is an Islamic bank, and in Islamic financing the real-estates are vital investment instruments which underlay an inherent Shin (2012) and Bruno and Shin (2012) focus on the role played by large European banks. These banks are not only systemically important. These studies allude to three factors that fueled a lending boom accompanied by greater risk taking. The factors are easy monetary policy that lowers funding costs for banks, adoption of a regulatory structure that allows higher leverage, and an asset price boom and real appreciation of the currency that strengthens the balance sheet position of borrowers. Evidence for this for funding is provided by Baba, McCauley, and Ramaswamy (2009), who found that by mid-2008,justbefore the collapse of Lehman Brothers, over 40 percent of the assets of U.S. prime money market funds were short-term obligations of foreign banks, with obligations of global European banks representing the largest share. Pornrojnangkool (2009), Hellman, Lindsey and Puri (2008), and Uchida, Udell and Yamori (2008)], and the borrowers choice of debt and lenders [e.g. Kwan and Carleton (2009)], there are relatively few studies on the effects of the lenders financial conditions on loan pricing. Berger and Udell (2004) used the same kind of data as in this paper to link portfolio performance to the tightening of bank credit standards and lending volumes, referring to their findings as the institutional memory hypothesis. Murfin (2009) studied the supply-side effects on loan covenants and found evidence that banks wrote tighter loan contracts than their peers after suffering defaults to their own portfolios, even when defaulting borrowers were in different industries and geographic regions than current borrowers. For modern crises, the practical problem is that understanding crises by outsiders relies on observed events such as firm failures or government actions, and government statistics. This problem is manifest in defining and dating crises. In the modern era the determination of whether an event is a crisis and when it starts and ends, is based on governments actions because these are readily observable. Boyd, De Nicol and Loukoianova (2011) study the four leading classifications and dating of modern crisis events.ÂÂ  They show that for many crises the dating of the start and end dates differ quite significantly.ÂÂ  There is also some disagreement on which events are crises. Further, they show that the start dates are late.ÂÂ  This is because the government actions follow the crisis which has already begun, often in the form of a quiet run (Gorton (2012). The dating of the start and the end of a crisis is largely based on contemporary accounts of the crisis, and there is ambiguity 3. Impact of financial crisis on bank performance: The central irony of the governance failures of 2007-2008 was that many took place in some of the most sophisticated banks operating in some of the most developed governance environments in the world. A number of countries in different continent faced debt crisis. The examples of failures of major financial institutions in different continents and countries include the followings. Europe United Kingdom: United States: The major reasons that were concluded as the cause of such failure and crisis are categorized as follows. Risk Governance. Incapability of many boards to posess a comprehensive understanding. Senior management failure to adopt the necessary part in the report. Risk management is done in a visible manner. Remuneration and alignment of incentive structures. A good governance practice requires the alignment of executives and board renumeration with the long term interest of the company. This will decrease skepticism of the companies over incentive system and compensation. Broad independence, qualifications, and composition. Ensuring broad terms objectives with goal of preserving a balance of power will certainly help in productive tension among the board of directors. Thus after decreasing in productive tension, the ability to react the rising risk increases. Shareholder engagement. The right to appoint directors and to make key corporate decisions inform their decision making and prevent management from taking such decisions. 3. Studies and discussions: 3.1 Related Studies Kassim and Majid, (2010) conduct a study aimed to arrive at empirical evidences on the impact of financial shocks (the 1997 and the 2007 financial crises) on the Islamic banks vis-a-vis the conventional banks in Malaysia. The study finds mixed evidences on the impact of the macroeconomic shocks on the Islamic and conventional banks. While the results based on the descriptive statistics indicate that the Islamic banks are relatively resilient to the financial shocks, the results based on the more robust econometric analysis reveal otherwise. The results based on the IRF analysis show that the Islamic financing responded significantly to macroeconomic shocks in non-crisis and 2007 crisis periods. The VDA results suggest that both Islamic and conventional banks are vulnerable to financial shocks. Hassan and Dridi (2010) compare the performance of Islamic banks (IBs) and conventional banks (CBs) during the recent global crisis by looking at the impact of the crisis on profitability, credit and asset growth, and external ratings in a group of countries where the two types of banks have significant market share. The study suggests that IBs have been affected differently than CBs. Factors related to IBsbusiness model helped limit the adverse impact on profitability in 2008, while weaknesses in risk management practices in some IBs led to a larger decline in profitability in 2009 compared to CBs. IBs credit and asset growth performed better than did that of CBs in 2008-09, contributing to financial and economic stability. External rating agencies-assessment risk was generally more favorable.ÂÂ   Beck et al (2010) compare the performance of conventional and Islamic banks during the recent global crisis by looking at the impact of the crisis on business orientation, efficiency, asset quality, and stability in countries with data on at least four banks. The study suggests that Islamic banks seem more cost-effective than conventional banks in a broad cross-country sample. On the other hand, conventional banks seem more cost-effective than Islamic banks in a sample of countries with both Islamic and conventional banks. However, conventional banks that operate in countries with a higher market share of Islamic banks are more cost-effective but less stable. There is also consistent evidence of higher capitalization of Islamic banks and this capital cushion plus higher liquidity reserves explain the relatively better performance of Islamic banks during the recent crisis. Haron (2004) found that expenditures (expenses) and profitability measures have a positive relationship. The study also suggests that size of the Islamic banks only had a significant positive relationship with one of performance indicators but was not significant with other profitability measures. Burhonov (2006) found unclear relationship between short-term funding to the profitability indicators. The regression results also show that the impact of macroeconomic variables, GDP per capita on the profitability measures is not conclusive. Alkassim (2007) finds that ROA for Islamic banks in GCC has positive coefficients with total assets and total expenses. Zantioti (2009) found that equity/total assets and GDP per capita statistically give positive significant impacts on Islamic bank profitability. Thus the three important authors and their works and views can be shown in the following table. Name of Author Measurement of Performance Findings Results Kassim and Majid, (2010) Conduct a study aimed to arrive at empirical evidences on the impact of financial shocks (the 1997 and the 2007 financial crises) on the Islamic banks vis-a-vis the conventional banks in Malaysia. The study finds mixed evidences on the impact of the macroeconomic shocks on the Islamic and conventional banks The results based on the IRF analysis show that the Islamic financing responded significantly to macroeconomic shocks in non-crisis and 2007 crisis periods. The VDA results suggest that both Islamic and conventional banks are vulnerable to financial shocks. Hassan and Dridi (2010) Compared the performance of Islamic banks (IBs) and conventional banks (CBs) during the recent global crisis by looking at the impact of the crisis on profitability, credit and asset growth, and external ratings in a group of countries where the two types of banks have significant market share. The study suggests that IBs have been affected differently than CBs. Factors related to IBsbusiness model helped limit the adverse impact on profitability in 2008, while weaknesses in risk management practices in some IBs led to a larger decline in profitability in 2009 compared to CBs. IBs credit and asset growth performed better than did that of CBs in 2008-09, contributing to financial and economic stability. Beck et al (2010) Compare the performance of conventional and Islamic banks during the recent global crisis by looking at the impact of the crisis on business orientation, efficiency, asset quality, and stability in countries with data on at least four banks. The study suggests that IBs have been affected differently than CBs. Factors related to IBsbusiness model helped limit the adverse impact on profitability in 2008, while weaknesses in risk management practices in some IBs led to a larger decline in profitability in 2009 compared to CBs. IBs credit and asset growth performed better than did that of CBs in 2008-09, contributing to financial and economic stability. External rating agencies-assessment risk was generally more favorable. 3.2 Discussion: Creating Responsible Financial Markets The steps to control such as situation were taken as follows. Interventions made by state owned financial institutions. Disclosure and transparency. Redefining shareholders rights and responsibilities. Other suggestions given by the experts to avoid such a situation in future include the followings. The requirement of accountable capitalism. Adding vertical regulations. Considering new approach to regulations. Formation of IOSCO (Global organization of securities.) Thus a formal strategy has been planned which includes taking the following steps. No single strategy. Identifying business characteristics and performance from time to time. Looking for cost efficiencies. Creating suitable business size. Keeping an eye on the throughput and prices. Upgrading current business strategies. Identifying the role of government in normal conditions. The ICGN agenda: core issues to address The crisis has highlighted a number of issues which are relevant to shareholders, particularly institutional shareholders, and these are areas where the ICGN will seek to engage actively in the policy debate. Below is a list of these issues and the ICGNs position on them. Strengthening shareholder rights Strengthening boards Promoting fair and transparent markets Independent accounting standards Remuneration setting Regulating credit rating agencies The corporate governance also has a vital role in overcoming the financial crisis as seen in the last decade. Restoring confidence for the future and preventing regulations will help overcome the needs of the investors and ascertain economic growth in future. This also consists of securing and maintains the rights of the shareholders and other kinds of transparency that helps in keeping a record of healthy financial position of the company, its upcoming goals and capacity to achieve them. Also the shareholders must recognize the share owners rights and responsibilities in the terms of creating a long term wealth for the shareholders and owners of the company. Conclusion: The current financial crisis has differently affected the economies of the various countries. While the capitalist and developed nations faced the financial crisis more severly. While the developing nation under control of the government governance showed lesser affect of the financial crisis. Thus its a good idea to allow the government to work as controlling agent like in China, India and other Asian countries wherein the governments were consistently and confidently trying their best to keep their economies on the right track. The final outcome is that all these countries especially the two mentioned were able to show consistent growth in the last decade while the rest of the world was facing financial crisis.

Working Partnership Essay - 615 Words

WORKING IN PARTNERSHIP 3.1 Explain why it is important to work in partnership with others. It is important that you work in partnership with all of the people surrounding the individuals that you are supporting, in order to ensure the best possible support and care are provided. This will include Carers, Families, Advocates and other people who are sometimes called â€Å"Significant Others†. In order to work well in partnership, there has to be good communication therefore you will need to have good communication skills. Other people may be able to provide useful information to support you in your work, and you may be able to find useful information to support them in being part of the individual’s life. An example might be if there are†¦show more content†¦Skills and approaches you will need for resolving conflicts are managing your stress levels, remaining calm in all situations, being aware of both verbal and non-verbal communication, by making sure you do not use any jargon and talking so everyone involved can understand you. Make sure you contro l your emotions and behaviour towards others, as aggressive behaviour can be intimidating. Avoid threatening others, pay attention to the feelings being expressed as well as the spoken words. Respect the differences of the individual, develop a readiness to forgive and forget. Have the ability to compromise, try and find a way to resolve the situation. Try to avoid making assumptions and accusations, as this can make the situation much worse. You must try not to over generalise and stick to the facts of what went on. Active listening plays a big part in trying to resolve conflict, as the person will feel that you are paying attention to them. 3.4 Explain when and how to access support and advice about: Partnership working – You will need to seek advice and support when there is a dilemma that you need help in solving. Support and advice can come from your colleagues, your supervisor/manager, external agencies i.e. Care Quality Commission, Social Services, Unions i.e. Trade Union. Carer’s Organisations such like the Health Care Professionals Council, Workforce Development Council and Sector Skills Council for Care. Resolving conflict – YouShow MoreRelatedPartnership Working Essay1600 Words   |  7 PagesPartnership working Partnership work is essential when providing person centred support and it also the only way to address some of the govements most challenging long term social objectives. 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Group 52 Lecturer- Zafar CONTENTS Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ LO1: Understand partnership philosophies and relationships in health and social care services 1.1 Explain the philosophy of working in partnership in health and social care 1.2 Evaluate partnership relationships within health and social careRead MoreFeatures Of Partnership Working1696 Words   |  7 Pagesquality focus, open and honest communication and partnership working.† – Hannah Parry Introduction I am currently Acting Manager of a 49-bedded nursing home. I manage a team of nurses, carers, domestic staff, kitchen staff, administrator and activities coordinator. Before being promoted to Acting Manager I was a trained Registered General Nurse (Clinical Lead/Deputy Manager) within the home. 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History SBA Conditions Leading Up To The 1937 Riots

Conditions Leading up to the 1937 Riots There were many different factors which influenced the conditions in not only Barbados but across the British Caribbean which eventually led to uprisings in the various territories but namely Barbados. These factors can be broken down into 3 categories of Economic, Social and Political. Economic Factors Leading up to the riots Barbados’ economy was in a dreadful state due to many different factors, both internal and external. One of the more substantial external factors was The Great Depression of the 1930’s which originated in the United States of America but affected all the countries of the world. On October 29, 1929 the American stock market crashed and officially started The Great Depression.†¦show more content†¦Wages had some devastating effects such as malnutrition, high mortality rates and poverty. Unemployment, much like wages, was a major factor which added to the unrest of the public leading up to the riots. One of the causes for some of the unemployment was the establishment of many large modern sugar factories. These factories not only replaced windmills but with their increased efficiency reduced the harvesting period from 5 to 3 months. The period between harvesting and the start of the new season was referred to as hard time because it was ver y hard to find employment to be able to support one’s family. With these modern factories came revised methods of agriculture which meant there was less need for workers and resulted in some workers being laid off, only adding to the many unemployed people in Barbados. Unemployment left many families and individuals in a state of despair which led to lawlessness and in some instances crime. Social factors Poverty was one of the most substantial contributors to the hardships endured leading up to the riots. Much like the next domino in line, with low wages and unemployment came poverty which affected many families in Barbados in many different ways. In an attempt to escape poverty people moved to the parish of St. Michael in droves to the point where half of Barbados’ population was concentrated there. This move still did not ease their burden because there were no more

Foundation of Information System Health Information Systems

Question: Discuss about theFoundation of Information Systemfor Health Information Systems. Answer: Introduction Health information systems (HIS) are systems that collect, manage and shares health information about individuals or organizations that come under the health sector. It includes district level routine information systems, surveillance systems, patient administration systems and HRM information systems. HIS aims to use the data collected to influence policies, actions, and decision-making and health outcomes. These systems are required to be simple, and sustainable in nature, and reduce burdens from health service staff. The feedbacks from the systems are required to build capacity in the staff and help them improve the overall data quality. The information collected from the HIS betters the value and utilization of health information (Kaur Rani, 2015). Literature Review The health information industry has a long history with health information systems. The industry is in existence from the 1920s, commencing with an aim of improving standards of record management in the health sector. The management industry is still in working today, bringing in new implementation of electronic health data recording systems. The industry has a varied history of health information management and is continuously growing with bright promises for the future. In the 1920s, the health information management industry learnt the importance of documenting healthcare information of patients as well as the providers. The records set up the details, complications and results related to healthcare. The documentation process became popular nationwide and became recognized by providers as an effective way to ensure safety and quality (Ball, Weaver Kiel, 2013). The documenting methods continued until the 1920s, until the new systems were introduced in the 60s and 70s. In the 60s, the main healthcare drivers were Medicare and Medicaid. Mainframe computers and storage, and centralized processing systems were used in hospitals and medical centers. Administrative and financial systems were launched. The 70s saw the debut of minicomputers, although the mainframes were still in use. The drivers of the 60s made expenditures rise. The turnkey systems were available via vendor community. However, the systems were not interoperable. In the 80s, microcomputer s were unveiled and the healthcare software development progressed with huge leaps. Local area network made an advent and expansion of financial and clinical information systems happened. The 90s faced a drive in healthcare with an increase in competition and consolidation. Internet made an entry and hardware costs dropped. Managed care and integrated service delivery systems showed a growth (Collen, 2015). In the 2000s, more outcome-based reimbursement showed an advent and PDAs were introduced. EHR adoption was called for and HIT funding was infused. Cloud computers, big data analytics and clinical decision supports systems emerged. Current healthcare organizations are introducing more intense EHR systems. Healthcare systems were designed to computerize transactions, which led to an increase in easily accessible data and resulted in improved interoperability. Implementation of dashboard reporting also experienced a growth and they have been crucial in providing bits of information about the healthcare organizations to the management or the board or to data groups (Gagnon et al., 2012). Computerized and interoperable health information systems are implemented with an aim to improve medical support, cost effectiveness, efficiency development, error reduction and stakeholder satisfaction. At the same time, reimbursement based patient healthcare suppliers are intended to be optimized. EHR/EPR (electronic health record/electronic patient record) systems are central to health care information systems as a whole. These are a patients digitalized health record that can be utilized by healthcare suppliers and organizations. PHR or personal health records are incorporated in health information systems as self-maintained health records of individuals. HIE or health information exchange is a medical data pool or an association of healthcare providing organizations that support interoperability between different healthcare departments and facilitates data sharing among different health care information systems. These systems have been in use for the last few years and have been authorized by several healthcare service organizations. Health Telematics system were used to transfer electronic complex data from one system to another. These system mostly involves videos or multimedia files. PACS (picture archiving and communication system) is a broadly used health information system, along with VNAs (vendor neutral archives). Healthcare specialists or healthcare outlets to mange patients medical data, reports and images mostly use these technologies. Earlier, a healthcare providing organizations radiology departments were the main repositories for such kind of image files. However, VNAs and PACS are incorporating radiology in the actual healthcare organization work process, along with other departments like neurology or cardiology also experiencing a large-scale generation of clinical images and medical reports. The VNAs have been installed with an aim to merge image and media data with different departments report and image banks inside a multi-faceted health care information system. Financial and clinical systems are integrated in the health information system to manage patient costing, invoicing and payment follow-ups (Haux et al., 2013). Health information systems have led to a reduction in productivity of the physicians due to the integration of EHR systems. However, on a broader scale, large amounts of benefits can be seen. There is an increase in the usage of data analytics and big data that help in managing public health programs. There is a reduction in extreme expenses incurred in chronic health issues. In addition, there is an increased usage of cognitive computing and data analytics to carry out medicinal provisioning to every single patient. Scholars gained more ability to examine on innovative medical therapies and medicines. Patients gained the rights to access their own health records and consult with their personal physicians. However, some critical obstacles remain the industry. Like lack of interoperability and commonly agreed transactions of health information levels. Health standard developing organizations are working on that. Moreover, some vendors also create information blockages to stunt the dat a sharing in systems, and generate profits from that. In addition, the EHR systems are poorly designed - clinicians face problem in managing those and they are susceptible to cyber attacks and hacking (Basu et al., 2012). Conclusion The health information industry is still in its initial years, acting as librarians of medical records. Their goal remains the same improve and augment medical documentation levels. The industry overall has come a long way, however, their ultimate goal of achieving a properly functional EHR system is not yet fulfilled. Health care support organizations are working on pushing the industry to the heights of success and provide the stakeholders with their proper rights and services. The management is still to learn a lot on the usage of information system properly, thus conventional methods are still in use. References Ball, M., Weaver, C., Kiel, J. (Eds.). (2013).Healthcare information management systems: Cases, strategies, and solutions. Springer Science Business Media. Basu, S., Andrews, J., Kishore, S., Panjabi, R., Stuckler, D. (2012). Comparative performance of private and public healthcare systems in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review.PLoS med,9(6), e1001244. Collen, M. F. (2015).A history of medical informatics in the United States. M. J. Ball (Ed.). New York: Springer. Gagnon, M. P., Desmartis, M., Labrecque, M., Car, J., Pagliari, C., Pluye, P., ... Lgar, F. (2012). Systematic review of factors influencing the adoption of information and communication technologies by healthcare professionals.Journal of medical systems,36(1), 241-277. Haux, R., Winter, A., Ammenwerth, E., Brigl, B. (2013).Strategic information management in hospitals: an introduction to hospital information systems. Springer Science Business Media. Kaur, K., Rani, R. (2015). Managing data in healthcare information systems: many models, one solution.Computer,48(3), 52-59.